Days selfless contained, to the selfless cover - natural, not only to understand the breadth of product value, more to be ...

 Species diversity: from the protection of elk about
Guo Geng
2010 as the United Nations is the implementation of the protection of elk this species, and around the core to carry out scientific research on biodiversity conservation, science popularization. elk, as China's We always face a question: Why protect elk this animal? to a species worth? from the principle that the protection of our deer is a target once extinct in China, only after the introduction by the Chinese-foreign cooperation to restore the species. We protect the theoretical basis is the Elk Court, but we have a little-known alias: Biodiversity Conservation Research Center, Beijing, what is biodiversity? Why protect biodiversity?
biodiversity and its conservation of biological diversity, including the Earth All plants, animals, microbes and they have the genes and the environment posed by these organisms and the ecological system. the conservation of biological diversity is at the ecosystem, species and genetic level three protection strategies and protection measures taken. biological diversity on Earth for at least 40 million years of evolution left behind a valuable asset, the survival of human society and development. economic sustainable development must be a sound ecological environment and sustainable use of biological diversity based. biological diversity to our provided food, medicine, clothing and housing, it is not only in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, the main target of fisheries management, or an important industrial raw material. In addition, the soil in the protection of biodiversity, water conservation, regulation climate, maintenance of ecosystem stability also plays an important role.
emphasize biodiversity, the Earth itself is a wide range of biological types exist, they are interdependent and mutually constrained to maintain the dynamic balance of natural ecosystems and food chain and stability, and various biological able to survive the changing environment and development. biological diversity upon which every creature on the planet long, multiply the basis of prosperity and a source of social wealth. biological diversity, including genetic (genetic resources ) diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity at three levels. the conservation of biological diversity is to protect the ecological system and natural environment, maintain and restore the natural environment of the species in viable populations, protection of genetic resources. But , due to the expansion of human biological activity and over-exploitation of nature, many species have become extinct or are threatened with extinction.
remarkable biodiversity in China, ranking eighth in the world, in the northern hemisphere first. significant regional differences in China, which gave birth to both colorful and unique biological populations and ecosystems. only have 27 categories of ecological systems, 460 types (of which there are four categories of forest, there are 56 types of desert 7 categories, 79 types; and freshwater wetlands are five categories). China has more than 32 800 species of higher plants, species of the world 12% of the total, ranking third in the world. about 104 animal species in China 500 species of the world 10% of the total number of species. As mainland China's ancient glacial less affected by the fourth, and thus preserved many ancient relic and endemic species (or genera) of the biological diversity of species also have more economic Features: 4 773 medicinal plant species, 300 species of plant starch raw material, fiber material 500 species of plants, 800 kinds of oil plants, 350 species of aromatic plants, 300 species of valuable timber species, has been developed using 800 kinds of fungi, animals, 740 kinds of medicinal herbs , has an economic value of the 200 species of wild animals. China is the origin of the three major centers of cultivated plants, in addition to 20 kinds of crops originated in China, our country also has a large number of wild relatives of cultivated plants such as wild rice, barley, wild soybean, wild tea and wild apples. our common 50 kinds of cultivated crops, fruit trees, a variety of more than 1, 400 kinds of poultry, ranking first in the world. China's forest resources, especially valuable virgin forest, as long been Deforestation, deforestation, land reclamation, and forest fires, insects and diseases or disease, resulting in reduction of 5 000 km2 of forest each year. steppe as grazing, land reclamation and destruction of grassland rodents and other effects, degradation of an area of 870 000 km2. forest and the destruction of grassland to 15% of total species to 20% of threatened plant and animal species. Many precious herbs such as wild ginseng, wild Gastrodia and other endangered species. the past century, there are about 10 species of extinct wild animals, such as Saiga antelope, elk, wild horses, rhinos, tigers, Xinjiang. Currently, the giant panda, golden monkey, tiger, snow leopard, dolphin, more than 20 species of rare wild animals facing extinction. China in 1988 published the List of wild animals. or extinction.
serious loss of biodiversity has already caused the government's attention. Since the 50 years since the 20th century, China formulated the relevant principles and policies and a series of protective measures to protect the initial success of biological diversity In 1987 published including in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, scientific research on biodiversity conservation, biodiversity conservation laws and policies, as well as biodiversity conservation advocacy and education.
situ conservation of biological the most effective conservation measure. situ conservation refers to the various types of nature reserves (including the scenic spots, forest parks) in the form of the valuable natural ecosystems and wildlife habitats protected in order to protection which a variety of biological reproduction and evolution. China in 1956, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province Dinghu, established the first nature reserve Dinghushan Nature Reserve. As of 2008, China has established 2,538 nature reserves, accounting for 15.13% of land area, of which 303 national level to protect the area 50 000 hh Nature Reserve to protect the country's strategic resources and safeguard the country's ecological security, protection of 90% of the land of our natural ecosystems, 40% of natural wetlands, 20% of the natural forest, 85% of wild flora and fauna, 65% of higher plant communities. most of our natural environment clean, the most precious natural heritage and biological diversity, the richest, the most important areas of ecological functions are present in nature reserves.
In addition, China also has a number of special protection of certain species of wildlife or wildlife Nature Reserve. In short, the nature reserves to protect biodiversity in China played a very important role. ex situ conservation can only protect a single species, it is mainly applied to highly threatened species of the emergency rescue, in order to avoid the extinction of the species. For plant species, mainly ex situ conservation endangered species will migrate to the Botanical Garden, ex situ conservation of rare and endangered plants base or breeding center. For the animals, mainly ex situ conservation of endangered species will migrate to the zoo, base or ex situ conservation of rare and endangered animal breeding center.
Protection biological diversity, the most important thing is to act, this must be all and control, endangered species, severely damaged the ecosystem and genetic resources to implement effective protection and rescue. Another important measure is the germplasm bank, plant gene banks, and conservation center, wildlife parks and botanical gardens and aquarium.
elk conservation projects is that the ex situ conservation of biological diversity and in situ concrete implementation of protective measures. At present , in the Yangtze River and the Yellow Sea have established nature reserves. in Beijing, the original habitat has also called the South China Sea where the names son for centuries, after the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties of three, has been used as a wetland nature of the imperial Yuan You exist. Therefore, the wetland protection of deer and their environment, including the protection of this biological diversity, are our mission. Of course, the public welfare from the point of view here, especially the scope of science, the scope for wider, and our concern is the national and global biodiversity conservation topics.
Biodiversity can be defined as There are three levels of general, that the genetic diversity of life on Earth means the individual genetic information contained in the sum; species diversity, refers to the diversity of organisms on Earth, including species richness and species evenness; Ecology system diversity, involves the biosphere biomes, habitat diversity and ecological processes.
the public often ask why the need to protect wildlife? because she was worth, what value? us more to understand their products value, but more needs to understand is the nature and value of the services.
Milu I designed a giant honeycomb, the honeycomb explained before, I often ask people bee value? most of the answer is honey Then I asked, Albert Einstein once said: the product value, as well as the value of ecosystem services of pollination, 80% of the flowering plants depend on insect pollination of bees headed, without bees, several kinds of plants will be faced with reproductive difficulties, towards extinction. Indeed, because of our strong order utilitarian sense of self-centered, the value of natural products, most easy to understand, but the natural life support and the value of ecosystem services, we often
protect the elk lies in protecting the habitat of wetlands, wetlands of value? Usually, the land of plenty is a wetland function of the most popular explanation, in fact, wetland value is multi-faceted, wetlands for water, can be tourism and recreation There Vessels of it, for firewood, building materials, food has medicinal fruit, poultry, fish and various aquatic produce, that is, the value of resources, wetlands, flood regulation and storage as well, clean water, maintenance of land ecological safety, mitigation of climate change negative ecological services role, and the ecological services precisely with our recent widespread concern climate change, reduce greenhouse gas emissions related, specifically, is the wetland carbon sink effect, no wonder, February 2, 2010 the World Wetlands Day slogan is the global GDP 1.8 times.
b 2000 years of China's assessment of ecosystem service value of 7.7834 trillion yuan, the gross domestic product in 1994, 1.73 times. These values are based on what aspects of ecosystem functional calculations: air purification, climate regulation, part interference, regulation of water, provide water, prevent soil erosion and sedimentation, soil formation, nutrient cycling, reduce pollution, pollination and seed dispersal, control of biological hazards, shelter, providing food, raw materials, genetic resources, recreation and culture.
life support value
and services.
forested wetlands and other ecosystems services and benefits include:
b. material supply services: food, fiber, fuel, biochemical, genetic resources and fresh water;
b. management services: flood, pest control, pollination, seed dispersal, erosion management, water purification and climate and disease control;
b. Cultural services: spiritual and religious values, knowledge systems, education and inspiration, and recreation and aesthetic values;
b . Support services: primary production, nutrient cycling, animal and plant life, the environment, generate oxygen in the atmosphere and the water cycle.
b biological diversity is to provide such ecosystem services to maintain the conditions necessary for the foundation of life on Earth.
b For the human in terms of providing food and other agricultural supplies services are the most important one of ecosystem services. water cycle (rain and irrigation water available) and other ecosystem services on agricultural production is also extremely important. direct agricultural landscape and the adjacent landscape can provide these services.
are: economic value, recreational value, wildlife tourism value hh
b For example: a lion safari in Kenya, if you kill the meat, may be able to operators to bring hundreds of dollars in revenue; if selling leather products, at most, a few hundred dollars to bring revenue; if the development of ecological tourism, is several thousand per year, or even $ 27,000 of income, but the lion was still alive. an elephant Group revenue-generating $ 610,000; Rwanda gorilla tourism has become the country's third-largest foreign exchange industry.
b bird watching, whale watching, dolphin hh is becoming a fashion journey.
b According to the research, Wolong Giant Panda in the scientific management of protected areas under the development of ecological tourism, worth up to million dollars a year 2900-4200.
scientific
forested wetlands and other ecosystems services provided to agriculture, including:
b management of pests and diseases; < br> b nutrient cycling, decomposition of organic matter such as;
b separation and transformation of nutrients such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the services provided;
b management of soil organic matter and maintain soil moisture;
b maintain soil fertility and biota;
b by bees and other wild animals for pollination.
b pollination ecosystem services provided by one of the most important. by promoting the propagation of many plant species, pollination can contribute to the maintenance of ecological system diversity. pollination species, including flies, moths, butterflies, wasps, beetles, bats and hummingbirds, but bees are the most important medium for crop pollination. pollinators of crops not only helps ensure food security, and the services they provide also help to promote economic growth. For example, only one place in the United States, bee pollination is estimated by the economic value per year to up to 160 billion U.S. dollars. The value lies not only in honey bees!
b Albert Einstein once said: Without bees, about 40,000 kinds of plants will be faced with reproductive difficulties, threatened with extinction.
planting pollination function:
b75% or more of the crops and 80% of all flowering plants depend on animals for pollination, of which 15% is by the domestic bee pollination, but at least 80% are from the wild bees and other wild animal pollination.
b about 73% of crops pollinated by bees, pollination by flies 19%, 6.5% from the bats, 5.5% by the Hornets, 5 % by the beetles, 4% by the birds, butterflies and moths from the 4% of pollination.
nature are: aesthetic value, the value of religious symbols, History, and character creation (mentality) value.
fact, presented protect natural son of the earth mother's arms in the interest, clearly off off and harmonious coexistence. Even allelopathy, survival of the fittest, but also a normal law. However, the earth happens there have been some lack of eco-ethics self-interest, gobbles eroded the earth's resources, including those belonging to descendants of resources and habitat for other forms of life, pollution, wanton destruction of habitat, in order to satisfy the greed, indiscriminate killings, murder, injury and harm-day management. Thus, ; behalf of Heaven only the harmony, to balance, and only diversity,UGG boots cheap, have stability. promote the conservation of biological diversity, humanity and all things designed to arouse the high harmony and establish a scientific nature, and sustainable development.